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Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis (FEA)

Rubber is a unique material. In its polymer form during processing, it behaves like a highly viscous liquid. After cross-linking (curing), rubber can undergo large reversible deformations. The unique properties of rubber that require treatment different from traditional metal nonlinear finite element analysis are:

• Large deformations (over 100%).
• Load-extension (stress-strain) characteristics are definitely nonlinear.
• Viscoelastic (spring and dampener) characteristics and timeand temperature-dependence.
• Nearly incompressible (volume does not change appreciably under stress).

The finite element method is a technique for obtaining approximate numerical solutions to boundary value problems which predict the response of physical systems when subjected to external loads. The system or structure is characterized by many small individual pieces or elements which are connected at nodes. The solution of thousands of simultaneous equations for unknowns of displacements, rotations, or the hydrostatic pressure is obtained through a computer.

Nonlinear finite element analysis should be an integral part of the design and manufacturing processes. The advantages are numerous, including improved performance, faster time-to-market, optimal use of materials and verification of integrity before prototyping.

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*Nor-Cal Products, Permeation of Various O-Rings, 1998

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